Cyberlaw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cyberlaw - Essay ExampleThe inventors acquit to wait for a long while before they can implement their business goals. Besides, such a backlog results in denial of inventors rights of seasonably and rigorous affect. As each examiner has more files to handle, they have to take less time processing the evidents, which will considerably compromise the extensiveness of their applications (Craig, 2013). On this ground, there is a need for the government to focus on the backlog problem to ensure that it does not de-motivate or kill innovation among upcoming investors.In the event of the backlog problem, a number of proposals have been put forward as possible solutions to the problem. Some individuals have come up with the idea that the government should increase its budgetary allocation for USPTO to help them meet the demands for ostensible examination. While this approach may help to equip the chest of drawers with more supplys to reduce the backlog, it would impose the charge up on the federal government. Another group suggests that the filing fee should be increased to help the office increase its capacity to handle the ever increasing files. However, the weakness with this approach is that it would impose the burden on the inventors, which the government has avoided in its incentive to encourage investment (Craig, 2013). On this ground, it would be crucial for USPTO to consider the approximately cost- in force(p) procedures to streamline the patent examination process. To do this, the organization needs to invest in efficient IT infrastructure that will ensure quick and efficient processing of patent files. Besides, training of the IT office staff would be crucial in ensuring that they have higher work output and hence no suss out in file processing. Reducing the backlog would be a milestone in improving the patent application files.In the recent past, issues of patent infringement have become popular within the semipublic domain as marked by increase d court

CELL BIOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CELL BIOLOGY - Essay ExampleIn the offshoot set, all hybrids with thiolase residue 100 intact have been importinged into the peroxisome, and those lacking residue 100 or more remain in the cytosol. In the second set, all hybrids with residue 125 or greater have been trade into the peroxisome, and those lacking residue 125 or lesser remain in the cytosol.3. In the absence of endocrine glands, protein B binds to protein A in the cytosol (immediately after translation of protein A in the cytosol). This binding prevents approach path to the nuclear transport machinery. This can happen in many ways, two of which are described hither protein B may mask the nuclear localisation prognosticate (as in the case of the hsp90 - steroid ductless gland system), or protein B may anchor protein A in the cytosol. In each case, the binding of the hormone to both protein causes dissociation of the two proteins, and protein A has access to the nuclear transport machinery.Thus, in normal cells, pro tein B is always found in the cytosolic extract, whereas the presence of hormone causes protein A to be found in the nucleus, kind of than the cytosolic extract, where it is seen in the absence of hormone.4. A. The protein enters the ER and goes through the default pathway (ER-Golgi-Cell Surface). This is because ER import is co-translational, whereas nuclear import is post-translational. Thus, before the nuclear import signal can be recognized, the protein is already within the ER lumen.B. The protein is imported into the mitochondria. This is because the nuclear export signal is different from the nuclear import signal, therefore the protein never enters the nucleus, and the mitchondrial import signal is recognized in the cytosolii) The chances of fusion are increased, whenever the same protein (either Y or Z) is present on twain donor and target membranes. Thus, when none of the two are present on both, the chances of fusion is 50% of the maximal, when either Y or Z is present on both membranes, chances of fusion increases

Death Penalty (philosophy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death Penalty (philosophy) - Essay ExampleAt the shoemakers last of the film we are presented with what really occurred. The movies plot led to the fact of the coercion of cardinal people with nothing to lose and a point to prove. David and Constance plotted to make the ultimate sacrifice by giving up their lives to make the ultimate statement and vindicate their advocacy. So we are faced with the pattern of the more than probable possibility that innocent people do end up getting majuscule punishment for something they are innocent for. The film seems foolish yet enlightening at the same time. much(prenominal) is the case of the argument against capital punishment.Den Haag argues that capital punishment is imposed on people who perpetrate crimes to summon their guilt which is something that is believed to be personal. That it is not an issue of race or of equality but quite an a moral penalty that is nothing but the mere issue of justice. We are again dressing to the concept that it is a major conflict on the evident fact of commonly supposed racial injustice. It reverts back to the matter of discrimination which is a delicate topic to argue about and would not be sufficiently substantiated on this paper. He is convinced that justice does not hold bearing over inequalities in distribution (Den Haag, par.7).Let me call it the OJ Simpson Syndrome. What Den Haag proposes in that argument is the age-old assumption that more black convicts end up on death row than white people. With the risk of sounding racially unreactive of the times, it seems that this is not the case anymore. It was the basic argument for the absolution of OJ Simpson. He represented the thousands of innocent people kill before him because of the color of his skin. Let us no longer delve on whether or not he is guilty as this is an issue all on its own. This became subordinated because of the hype that surrounded the case. He in turn became a representation of all the injustices commi tted

The role of the brain in addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The role of the mind-set in addiction - set about ExamplePhotoreception and Signal Transmission The photoreceptor cells of the retina are the cones and rods. Light stimulus causes changes in the visual chemical of the cones and rods producing a receptor potential. This passes through the bodies of the rods and cones and acts at the synapses to induce a signal in the bipolar cells. This signal is consequently transmitted to the ganglion cells. The axons of the ganglion cells leave the eyeball posteriorly to become the optic nerve. The two optic nerves enter the cranial cavity and join to form the optic chiasma. In the optic chiasma, the axons from the nasal (medial) halves of the retinas cross over to the reverse gear sides. From the optic chiasma on either side of the brainstem, the optic tracts continue. The optic tracts relays nurture to the LGB (lateral geniculate body) of the thalamus. From here, information is carried to the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex, where the information is perceived as conscious vision. Due to the crossover, the right visual subject field is perceived within the left cerebral hemisphere, and the left visual field is perceived within the right hemisphere (Lesson assignment, n.d.)The nervous pathways for soundThe neuron associated with the hair cells of the organ of Corti (located in the basilar membrane of the inner ear) carries the sound stimulus to the brainstem. Through a series of connections, the signal reaches Brodmanns area number 41, in the temporal lobe of the brain where the stimulus is perceived as sound.

Addressing Passive Smoking in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Addressing Passive Smoking in Children - Essay ExampleAccording to the article, PS exposure in children is one of the contributing factors for morbidity and mortality. The article is also associated majority of the disabilities in children with lower respiratory infections that ar caused by PS exposure. The health effects of PS in children included a high assay of respiratory infections, asthma as healthful as wheezing. According to the article, PS exposure in children is in truth high in Dutch, and it mainly takes place at homes. The statistics provided by the authors of the article showed that children below the age of 4 are the main victims of PS exposure (Hutchinson, Kuijilaars, Mesters, Muris, Schayk, Dompeling, & Feron, 2014).The aim of Hutchinson and his colleagues writing this article was to assess the practices of three Dutch health professions concerning parental counseling for PS in children. They used electronic questionnaires in conducting their cross-sectional educa tion. The samples for the study that constituted of 720 physicians were selected from three Dutch health professions located in Limburg, the Netherlands. This was achieved by inviting the physicians representatives to complete self-administered electronic questionnaires that had questions on their gender, work experience, and personal smoking habits (Hutchinson et al., 2014). Other issues that were addressed in the questionnaires included their counseling practices as well as education about PS in children.

Individual Mindset Challenge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Mindset Challenge - appellative ExampleSouth Korean film industry emulated most modern production techniques from the U.S learning them from the Hollywood stars to restructure their film industry.Globalization of South Korean is a historical process spreading oer centuries and should not be having links with westernization of a particular nation or subtlety. Globalization has significantly influenced divergent cultures towards its expansion in the global markets. Globalization can shape the traits of particular nation, community, or pack. South Korea benefited oftentimes from globalization making the drastic changes from inferior to stable economical country in a in truth short period.South Korean used globalization to its advantage by increasing the interconnectivity with different countries and people using technology, pop culture, and trade, political and economic relationship. Its acceptance of globalization fostered positive international relations and economic development of the country. Absorption of South Korean culture by neighboring countries such as China, Japan, and Vietnam increase the Korean adopted pop culture and other cultural platforms.Globalization has influenced South Korean culture including the television programs and film industry enabling South Korean pop culture to penetrate in Europe and North American countries. Korean globalization is termed as the Korean quaver, which has been unique by creating out-of-the-way growth of topical anaesthetic creative industries in neoliberal globalization. Korean creative industries have developed their personal, local cultural products and services making them the most successful contributors to Korean national economy.Korean wave has see a significant change with the development of digital technologies and social earningsing media such as You-Tube, social network sites (SNSs) and Smartphones in the 21 century. Local culture of various countries is supported by Korean wave thro ugh the digital

INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING - Essay interpreterAny illness or medical condition always worsens with the advancement of age, and thus it is very needful that the patients should be given proper treatment as and when the time is abundant. But while looking at the case study of Mrs. Ivy, it is hard not to notice the negligence of diverse authorities and the mention of lexis such(prenominal) as waiting list and Social services would not get involved without properSelfishness is authentically a very amazing temperament of a human being My point being, since Mrs. Ivy postulate tremendous cargon and a supervisory body while she developed her Dementia, her daughter should have let Mrs. Ivy stay at her home rather than looking for a flat or disposals care centers. And there is not a mention of what her son did for her after the part that he lives far away.A person puke not always expect the government to patronise by their parents side at their time of need. After all, it is logical to say, that the government can not possibly cater all the dying people. We as humans should also realize our responsibility and thus her children should have favored her to stay with either one of them.The government of Britain has set up various trusts and policies to help the elderly (particularly with mental problems such as Alzheimer, Dementia, etc. Some of the current active policies are as followsAs Mr. Tisdall notes in his book Children, Young people and social inclusion Participation for What? (2006), the nous motive behind this policy states that it is really hard for children of mentally disabled parents to cope up with their parents, sparing conditions and personal lives. Therefore, the government has set up this program to help the mentally disabled parents of such children to headland along the troubled times.This program by the government is basically focused on health tie in issues of asylums, refugees, minorities, and

Culturally Responsive Teaching in American Education Research Paper

Culturally Responsive Teaching in American Education - Research Paper precedentCulturally responsive teaching is particularly important in the case of the the States. People from different backgrounds specify the USA. Therefore, the students in a particular state experience a different culture from the student from a different state. The education in the different states is based on the culture of the region. The society in the USA is multi-racial with the intrusion of people from different countries. (Culture, n.d.). The presence of different races in society with their different backgrounds and culture has take to the importance of the culturally responsive teaching in the USA. The paper will deal with the importance of the culturally responsive teaching in the context of the USA.The modern world has been characterized by the globalization of the frugality. The countries have settle closer with the closeness in the economy and it is common nowadays to experience society as a m ulti-cultured one. People from a country moves to the other countries to integrate into the society. The people from the other countries bring some classifiable cultural traits with them, which produce part of the society. The USA has become one of the most developed economies of the world. The development of the economy in the country attracted people across the world. They went to the USA to be part of the development and make them economically stable. The economy of USA offered an opportunity for all people in the world.The society of the USA has grown to become one of the most multicultural societies in the world with the influx of people from all over the world. The universe of discourse of USA consists of people from different ethnic backgrounds. The Native Americans and the Alaskans are perhaps the oldest community in the country. Blacks are the descendants of the people from Africa. Many of the Blacks in the modern days came to the country in the days of slaveholding and the openness of the society and the economic development of the country convinced them to stay in the USA. The Black world in the country is projected to rise in the coming years.

Literary discourses in the modern literary theory Essay

Literary discourses in the modern literary theory - Essay ExampleIt has been maintained that the reading of literary archivess is best characterized as point driven-a process in which the reader considers what the narrator is getting at and that point-driven reading involves a champion of an author seeking to make a point. (Miall, 339) One of the most effective strategies of attaining the literary meaning of act is reading for point which includes different components such as coherence, attention to surface features, and the transactional stance. It is possible and largely illumining to enlist in a literary activity of reading for point in order to arrive at the meaning of the literary creations. The significance of the structural elements in the creation of a cohesive and coherent narrative discourse in fiction is often emphasised. This paper focuses on a profound and reflective analytic thinking of the structural elements in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen with close refer ence to the falsehood, which make the piece a cohesive and coherent narrative discourse.Though different in objective and function, structure and meaning argon interconnected and it is the telling between the two which make a literary discourse meaningful. The great similitude between structure and meaning in literary discourse needs to be clearly comprehended. ... really work possesses a structure, which is the articulation of elements derived from the different categories of literary discourses and this structure is at the locus of the meaning. (Todorov et al., 141) An evaluation of the relation between structure and meaning in literary works through the years confirms the significance of readings in literary discourse which focus on these elements. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen provides one of the best illustrations of the clever relation between structure and meaning in literary discourse. It is obvious that the structural elements in the novel make it a cohesive and coherent narrative discourse and an analysis of the novels narrative structure substantiates the point. The structural elements include narrative structure as well as constituents and linkage. In Pride and Prejudice, the best cognise and probablythebest liked novel by Austen, the narrative structure, the relation among story, plot, structure, system, rules, the cohesion, coherence and congruence in story etc afford to the structural elements, which ultimately bring about the meaning to the novel. An analysis of the narrative structure of the novel is important and the sociolinguist Labovs Model of Natural Narrative, which is a prolific model of analysis in stylistics, provides with an effective tool in this regard. As Labovs model focuses on the everyday discourse practices of actual speakers in actual social circumstances, it has a great validity in literary analyses. Labov made use of the various stories by informers from many different backgrounds and isolates the core, recurr ent features that underpin a fully formed natural narrative. Six key categories are rendered fling off from this body of data. (Simpson, 114) According to the model, there are

Social justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social justice - Assignment ExampleAs such, social justice should underwrite that every member in the society lives a fulfilling life. Social justice often occurs in the forms of respective(a) rights enjoyed by the people. A society should therefore have appropriate institutions to cherish the rights of the people. Language is a unsounded tool that enhances social interactions. As such, actors line rights refer to the ability of the members of a society to use spoken communication freely in enhancing their communications. Every member in the society has a right to a vocabulary or two (Tania & Cornelius, 2008) (Page 66 Lines 117-119). Mother tongue is a primary language for example that everyone moldiness use effectively by the virtue of existing in a society. The society has effective institutions that protect and progressively advance the growth of languages. From the family institution to schools among other similar institutions, people learn and perfect their skills in vario us languages thereby enhancing their communication skills.While able-bodied individuals enjoy expressive use of language, the indifferent(p) on the other hand remain marginalized and their language rights often ignored. Deaf people constitute a undefendable minority group in the society. Most societies do not always consider and safeguard their language rights. The deaf communicate in signs and symbols. Deaf students therefore go to special schools where they learn how to communicate in their special languages. They therefore become proficient communicators but only with other deaf individuals. The able-bodied individuals in the society often do not strive to learn the sign language a lineament that invents a primary incompatibility in communication thus communication breakdown. Deaf children born of deaf parents learn the language from their parents and therefore enjoy effective communication from early ages. In fact, such children develop faster than normal children born of dea f parents do

Construction Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Health and Safety - seek ExampleOtherwise, any occasion who may be engaged by a domestic invitee is obliged to comply with the rules. Construction works refer to construction alteration, upkeep, repair and maintenance, commissioning, renovation, decommissioning, redecoration, fitting-out, demolition or dismantling. It in like manner implys site preparation, exploration and surveys. Failure to comply with the code is treated as evidence of breach of wellness and safety legislation by a court of law. The regulations cover the responsibilities of clients, the roles of principal contractors and sub-contractors, the roles of antecedents and planning supervisors (Griffiths and Griffiths, 2011). The CDM regulations help in the improvement of health and safety in construction industries. When these regulations are followed to the letter, a significant improvement is observed. Then, they ascertain that the construction involves the right people at the right snip. Risk man agement is done on time to reduce its vulnerability and possibility of occurrence. The construction team is excessively able to focus on strong planning and practical management of risks. Every one in the controlling site work is charged with responsibilities of ensuring that work conditions are healthy and safe before work commences. They also ensure that the work to be done will not expose others into risk. The CDM 2007 places all those involved in construction work with effectual duties commonly called duty holders. generally, the CDM regulations is aimed at facilitating, and enhancing the overall management and coordination of health, safety and welfare in the entire deal of a construction look to reduce the rate of injuries and serious accidents that occur in the construction persistence (Kogan Page Ltd, 2012). The Designers Response These are organisations or persons involved in preparing designs which involves drawing, designing detail, preparing specifications, creati ng bills of quantities, specifying articles and substances, analysing, calculating and preparing for the construction work. Designers include architects, structural engineers, building surveyors, mechanical and electronic engineers. The responses on whether the designers duties are appropriate, reasonable and proportionate attracted various responses. Recommendations verbalise that there should be more guidance in the regulations on a risk management pecking order since they are under considerable economic pressure from clients to reduce the costs. Education was the key to improving designer understanding, especially on risk assessment issues, availability of funds for training on new designer principles in companies struggling to survive (Murdoch and Hughes, 2007). Half of the accidents could be avoided through better understanding of the relationship betwixt design and construction. The duties however need to be more prescriptive to make them easier to follow. There should be a lso some responsibility on others who impact the design of the works like local planning departments and local authorities. Greater clarification is required on the definition of design work. Again, the designers need to start a project work after a coordinator has been appointed (Ramsey, 2007). The Resident Owner or Facilities Manager Response Facilities managers fuddle been the main

Macroeconomic Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macro frugal Situation - canvas ExampleFurther, it was expected that the private consumption for the year 2010 and the year 2011 would be restrained at 2.5 percent. The prescribe of unemployment for the year 2010 and the year 2011 has been expected to be over 9% (United Nations, 2010). It was pointed out that with the fall in the prices of houses in the United States there will be negative influence upon the balance sheets of the households. This would further slow have the rate of consumption and thus increase the rate of savings. The low interest rates and inefficient economic conditions have evened out the weakness in the household net value. Further, the long-term related government follow yields have declined in the United States (OECD Economic Outlook, 2010). It has been estimated that the fiscal policy of the country has been identified by the stimulus spending. Further, the remaining $470 billion is expected to be paid out in the year 2010 and 2011 with a static decline of its effect upon the economy (Corporate Executive Board, 2010). It has been assessed that the rate of the Dollar has declined by 11% against Euro that was worth $1.47. The manufacturing pains is expected to rise in the US (Bloomberg, 2011).

Economics assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics - Assignment ExampleTo avoid this situation particularly when it is occasioned by the fact that the regard tautens receive inputs from input suppliers and argon attempting to innovate to produce differentiated products and even seeking patent of those products, is by the incorruptibles involved getting integrated vertically so that they atomic number 50 reduce some of the dead weight losses. Sometimes it would be necessary that the firms involved within the particular supply chain get to mergers and acquisition. nonpareil of the ways in which dual bare(a)ization may be solved is by Suppressing the Double marginalization. This can be done by avoiding the firms involved in unnecessarily applying for mark-ups over the cost of their own outputs rather, they should sum up their overall profits finished internal suppression of the double marginalization. This should be strategically done by ensuring that they transfer the intermediate costs of the products they have thro ugh the application of a single optimal mark-ups.The in a higher place solution coincides with the profit maximization solution of innovating and producing up to the point where marginal cost equal marginal revenue. Like any other good practice in profit maximization in business, overcoming double marginalization solves the problem of losses. in the case of application of the marginal cost equals to marginal cost revenue, a firm will attempt to produce that additional production which will assure it of additional revenue. At the point where the marginal cost rises to equal the marginal revenue, it can then be said that the firm is maximizing the profit. The rule usually demands that in the event that the marginal cost gets greater than marginal revenue, the firm must cut down on its cost. This is why by avoiding the dead weight loss through the reduction of double marginalization the firm automatically reduces on its cost.2) Suppose firms A and B are going head to head developing n ew products

Hinduism and Buddism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hinduism and Buddism - Research Paper ExampleThe prayers atomic number 18 confirmed by marking Tikka, i.e., a red mark of vermillion on the foreheads. The goal of the cashier as a Hindu is to illuminate ignorance and become more spiritual. Discussion Questions 1. What cuisines are tradition every last(predicate)y prompt at Diwali? 2. Why is Diwali celebrated at the end of year? 3. How many days does Dilwali continue for? 4. Is celebration of Diwali a means of spiritual revival for the Hindus? 5. How different is the celebration of Diwali between India and elsewhere? Strengths and Weaknesses a. I take that the depiction presented the topic well as whatever the narrator says, the video displays images with that. For example, when the narrator says that anybody sterilises into the prayer room, the video shows everybody assembling in it. Likewise, the coins are shown being washed in milk and being applied vermilion upon as the narrator explains what is happening. In addition to that, the accent and dialect of the narrator is such that each and every word is understandable. Secondly, the audience deposits the complete concept of the Festival of Diwali as well as the underlying beliefs of the Hindus colligate to this event in a video of just 2 minutes and 4 seconds. Not lonesome(prenominal) this, the video explains that the concept of gods in Hinduism is like a board of members, so that the audience does not get confused when the video shows the family first worshipping Lord Ganesha and then the Goddess Laxmi. b. It is a good video to show to those who do not know what is Diwali because it explains the concept of Diwali, shows a family praying upon and celebrating Diwali, reasones the significance of different gods and goddesses in Hinduism, and explains the reason Hindus illuminate their homes at this Festival. c. I had to do some further research to understand Diwali as this video did not discuss everything related to Diwali. One weakness of the video is that it only projects the perspective of the narrator. It would have been better if different family members were invited to state what meanings they associate with the event, though considering the time constraints, it seems justified. d. This video is useful for students and people belonging to all categories as all people in the video are dressed modestly, and there is no offence whatsoever. e. This video shows how Hindus get united at the Festival of Diwali and pray and celebrate it together. This spreads the message of tolerance, unity, and mutual harmony and understanding. Video II Video Summary This video covers Buddhism. The video shows paintings of the 500 disciples of Buddha in the North East India from the V century. In Sanskrit, they are called as Arhats. These disciples were intercessors and messengers of Buddhism. The idea was that they were enlightened while living among common people. These 100 paintings were compiled between 1854 and 1863. The paintings were int end to project Buddhist catechism. The essence of Buddhism is that materialistic world is deceptive and everything is in transition. The paintings depict the everyday life style of the Buddhist disciples, their comfortable interaction with people as well as animals, and present a holistic picture of their culture. The paintings show everything from murder, wars, suicides, and fire breakouts to daily activities of the Arhats in a peaceful environment. Discussion Questions 1. What was the

Math in Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math in melody - Essay ExampleDrag is the normal friction caused by the plane moving through nervous strain molecules. Drag is also a re perform to lift and this lift must be generated by the locomote of the standard pressureplane in flight.Newtons First Law of Motion An object at rest will go along at rest or an object in consummation will continue in gesture at the same speed and in the same burster, until an outside repulse acts on it. For an aircraft to taxi or fly, a trace must be applied to it. It would remain at rest without an outside force. at one time the aircraft is moving, another force must act on it to bring it to a stop. It would continue in motion without an outside force. This willingness of an object to remain at rest or to continue in motion is referred to as inertia.Newtons Second Law of Motion If a object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an orthogonal force, acceleration will be directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely prop ortional to the fold of the object being moved. The motion will take place in the direction in which the force acts. Simply stated, this means that an object being pushed by 100 pounds of force will travel hot than it would if it were pushed by 50 pounds of force. A heavier object will accelerate more slowly than a light object when an get even force is applied.Newtons Third L Newtons Third Law of Motion For every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force). This law can be demonstrated with a balloon. If you embroider a balloon with air and release it without securing the neck, as the air is expelled the balloon moves in the opposite direction of the air rushing out of it. Bernoullis Principle When a fluid flowing through a render reaches a constriction or narrowing of the tube, the speed of the fluid passing through the constriction is change magnitude and its pressure is decreased.Lift The lift force of a wing is derived from the independent action of i ts pep pill and impose surface. Aerodynamics is the study of the forces that let an aircraft fly. Motion is changing place or position. Air has no force or power other than pressure when its motion little. When air is moving, its force becomes apparent. A moving object in motionless air has a force exerted on it as a result of its own motion. It makes no difference in the effect whether an object is moving in relation to the air or the air is moving in relation to the object. Newtons first and third Laws of Motion explain why deflecting the air downward must result in a corresponding upward force. The air moving over the upper surface of the airplane is forced too travel farther, therefore hurrying is increased. The increase in velocity caused a decrease in pressure. This causes lift in the upper surfaces. The air that passes beneath the airfoil has less distance to travel, this results in increase in air pressure on the lower surfaces and in decrease in air pressure on the uppe r surfaces. The total lift produced by the airfoil is equal to the difference downwards. The wing is said to have a relative angle of attack. The lift drops off at high angles of attack because the air instead of flowing smoothly over the upper surface breaks out-of-door from it and forms eddying currents. Gravity Gravity is natural force acting upon the airplane. Gravity is the force that plays an

Gaining Power and Influence in the Workplace Essay

Gaining Power and Influence in the Workplace - Essay sampleFrom this study it is clear thatpower is the aptitude to control people. Authority is the privilege to becharm, control, and transform other people. To enlighten how the reporter gains power and influence in the work place, it is important to describe French and Raven cast of power and influence. These two exclusives postulated an in all inclusive form of collective and shared authority. In doing so, they proposed and recommended various categories of authority. These categories allow in intimidation, incentive, valid, specialist, referent, as well as informational. People in positions of leadership can achieve power and influence through corporeal and oral intimidations. Power through intimidation can either be utilize to a single entity or a group of people.This paper highlights thatachieving power and influence through incentives is estimable in many organizations all over the world. Individuals who are involved i n making decisions regarding incentives have all the power and influence in the workplace. Valid power and influence is achieved on the basis of how the individual in management position is expected to behave by the public. In referent power, people are know to respect and recognize the authority of individuals that they are capable of forming relationships or associations with. Informational power depends on the status of an individual as some individuals are considered to be more knowledgeable than others.

The operations of Basil Essay Example for Free

The trading operations of Basil Essay1.1 The operations of Basil IIBasel II was developed to ensure that there is less risk on heavy(p) allocation, unraveling practicable risk from credit risk and quantifying both, and attempting to align economic and regulatory swell more closely to reduce the possibility of regulatory arbitrage.1.2 The chromatography columns used in Basel IIThe Basel II worldwide intersection point of neat metre and uppercase Standards, the reviewed framework is establish on common chord main(prenominal) pillars.1.2.1 First Pillar lower limit heavy(p) RequirementsThe first principle of this revised framework comprises the minimum capital requirements necessary to cater for the common chord fundamental risks that a bank faces in business operations. These consist of Credit risk, Capital risk and functional risk, which shall be further expounded belowA choice between two main methodologies is allowed by the Basel citizens committee on Banking inadvertence for the determination of credit risk. These consist of the standardized approach and the internal evaluate based approach, which is further divided into the foundation and advanced internal rating based system. Under the standardized scheme, a set of external credit ratings achieved from recognised agencies be utilized in the determination of capital risk. A number of countries intend to authorize only this approach in credit risk measurement.The internal rating based model permits banks to develop their own experimental model to determine the probability of default for set-apart clients or segmented customer groups. Adoption of the regulators loss given default and a nonher(prenominal) set parameter is necessary.As regards the Operational venture, three approaches are suggested under the Basel II International intersection of Capital Maintenance and Capital Standards revised framework, which consist of the Basic Indicator Approach, Standardized Method, and the Ad vanced Measurement Scheme. The standardized approach is similar to the same model applied for capital risk, explained in the previous bullet. As regards the Advanced Measurement System, this entails the development of an empirical business model originating by the bank for the quantification of operation risk. contribution 664 of the original Basel demands that a minimum of a board of directors and senior commission, a conceptually sound operational risk management structure and enough resources for the proper adoption of this scheme.Under the Basic Indicator Approach, banks are required to hold capital for operational risk corresponding to the average over a three year time frame of a fixed percentage of a positive annual taxation income.For the Market risk there is on suggested approach, commonly known as the Value at Risk Method. The positioning of financial instruments should either be made with the objective of trading or hedging. The three main parameters is this model areT he confidence level at which the forecast is madeThe monetary currency whole that will be adopted to denominate the market risk andThe time horizon that will be examined.1.2.2 Second Pillar Supervisory Review ProcessThe basic principles of this pillar of the Basel II International Convergence of Capital Maintenance and Capital Standards revised framework include the supervisory review and transparency, risk management direction and accountability of the adoption of the aforementioned revised concept.The supervisory review process is designed not only to ensure that targeted banks possess proper capital to sustain all the risks in their business, but besides to induce banks to develop and maintain better risk management techniques in varaning and assessing their respective risks. on that point are the following four backbone principles of the supervisory reviewA process for evaluating the overall capital adequacy of banks with respect to their risk profile and strategy.Superviso rs assigned ought to review the banks internal capital adequacy assessments/strategies, and monitor to make sure compliance with regulatory capital ratios.Monitoring that banks operate above the minimum regulatory capital ratios.Supervisors are expected to arbitrate at an early stage to avoid banks capital from locomote below the minimum levels set.The Committee has likewise identified the following vital issues that banks and supervisors are required to snap on interest rate risk in the banking book, credit risk and operational risk. It is also recognized that since supervision of banks is not an exact science, tactary measures and procedures ought to be adopted. The importance of transparency, accountability and proper cross-border communication and cooperation rebel in this respect.1.2.3 Third Pillar Market DisciplineDisclosure requirements are highly focused in this final pillar in order to induce the market to perceive a better see of the general risk position of the ban ks and thus sustain counterparties of the bank to price and deal correctly. This last pillar is also aimed to compliment the previous two important areas discussed.The Committee recognizes the factor that the supervisor is a key player in the achievement of divine revelation requirements. Such market discipline is a vital indication for a safe and sound banking environment. This safe environment arises from additional information disclosed in biennial and annual financial reports. The methods that can be adopted in order to induce these disclosure requirements may vary depending on the countries legislation and present practices. Examples that come to mind are through penalties, advices and more.The Basel II International Convergence of Capital Maintenance and Capital Standards revised framework also notes that such necessary disclosure requirements ought to be practical and in line with accounting standards and other relevant regulations. For instance, management is allowed to u se his discretion in the determination of the location and medium of these disclosures. Materiality, frequency and proprietary and confidential information are also considered in order to minimize such reporting costs and ensure that organizations are not rear in any competitive disadvantage with the application of such information requirement.The disclosure requirements demanded encompass a number of factors, such asGeneral qualitative disclosure requirements on each risk area.Capital structure.Capital adequacy.Brief description of different entities in case of business combinations.Aggregate amounts of firms total interest in insurance entities.ReferencesBank for International Settlements (2004). Basel II International Convergence of Capital Maintenance and Capital Standards a Revised Framework (on line). Available from http//www.bis.org/publ/bcbs107.htm (Accessed 16th April 2007).Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (2004). International Convergence on Capital Measurement and Capital Standards. Switzerland Bank for International Settlements

Three Bases for Government Essay Example for Free

Three Bases for governing EssayIn government, the Lao-tzu says, it is important that the people be kept constantly without knowledge and without desires (Blythe 1992). Not to be misconstrued as a kind of political technique designed to manipulate or coerce, this means that they be allowed to safeguard their true nature. Government must in the final analysis abide by whiteness and nonaction. The sage ruler naturally never puts himself head start or claims credit for his accomplishments. Consequently, the people atomic number 18 non aw be that he has brought order and well-being to the world, assuming that the good fortune they enjoy has come close spontaneously. Ultimately the ruler himself must embrace nonaction so as to establish a model to commute the people that is, to enable those under the spell of desires to reclaim their true nature. Specific policies or techniques of government are secondary and must be forgotten if nonaction were to be realized. Government by no naction is non mysterious, however. It does not command mystical or esoteric practices, but rests on the claim that the transforming power of Tao, defined in cost of naturalness and exemplified by the elevated sage-ruler, would spontaneously permeate the mind and heart of the people.There is perhaps a degree of optimism to this view, but one which to Wang Pi is well justified. This is because the all-encompassing order of tzu-jan extends to the sociopolitical level. The institution of family and state is not extrinsic to nature. More specifically, the hierarchical structure of sociopolitical institutions reflects the principles governing the Taoist world. This explains Lao-tzus claim that Taoist self-cultivation, which Wang Pi once more relates to realizing ones true nature, has a direct impact on the well-being of the family and the country (Blythe 1992).In this light, such concepts as nonaction, quietude learn a more concrete meaning. In the Ho-shang Kung commentary, these co ncepts are subsumed under the rubric of securing the bingle (shou-i). In the Lao-tzu itself, the expression embrace the One (pao-i) is used twice but Ho-shang Kung prefers the word shou to emphasize the impressiveness of securing what has been embraced. In other words, paragon government, both politically and with respect to the interior life, depends on the rulers ability to acquire and to maintain the One, and to guard against harmful influences.For the ideal but practical, new democratic state, Jefferson coined the word sociocracy. Jeffersons ideal government is neither individualistic nor collectivist. It consists of a dictatorship of three wise men who represent the technological, the temporal, and the spectral spheres. Final veto rests in the spiritual officer in whom alone are found wisdom, philosophy, and lesson ends. The temporal power, however, acts according to the laws of nature expressed through the hearty forces, and is guided in all things by tender science. Je fferson was fundamentally decent in believing that unless sociologists controlled the state, the genial problem would never be solved.The first step toward the ideal government, therefore, was to indicate just what the social sciences are, and what they have to contribute to the knowledge of human problems and social progress. Jefferson insisted that the present order is the result of defective knowledge, neglect of moral teaching, and of anarchical habits of egoistic living. To erect the ideal state, the temple of humanity, there must be a consensus of organized philosophy, reformed morality, and permanent nonsupernatural religion.Capital must be moralized, the marriage institution renovated, and every other institution spiritualized by the awakening of the sympathetic instincts enlisted in the service of humanity. To lead and control the positive state, Jefferson offered his philosophy of science which is a scheme of education, a order of government, a school of wisdom, and a f orm of religion in brief, a synthesis of mind, feeling and action, invest by the religion of humanity.Carter also defended his ideal government on the grounds of economic and ethical principles which are closely associated with ach other and with the political principles which formed the basis of the ideal government. His aim was to achieve political and social solidarity through an economic but ethical revolution which would make the introduction of the new order workable and which would sustain and reinforce it after it had been established. The underlying principles of his state are, therefore, as tightly interwoven and as synergistic as his aims and this was as it should have been, for Carter regarded society as an organism of the hale-and it was for the achievement of a unified, harmonious whole that he sought a solution.Because of the doctrine of evolution, Carter believed that man could not be considered as an individual aside from his surroundings, for he was born into an environment from whose effects there could be no escape. The problem, therefore, was to adjust mans behavior to the social organism, the whole, of which he was a part or to adjust the social organism so that it would further right conduct and the achievement of action that would be for the good of the whole. Ethics, therefore, became a sociological search for right conduct which was to be defined as the stable adjustment of the part to the whole (Blythe 1992).ReferencesBlythe, J. M. 1992. Ideal Government and the abstruse Constitution. Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press.

Domestic Terrorism In The United States Essay Example for Free

Domestic Terrorism In The joined States EssayTo varying degrees, house servant terrorist act has survived and affected the social and giving medicational structure of the unite States. As defined by the countrys section of Justice, these words con none the unlawful use of legions or violence, committed by a group(s) of two or more individuals, a bring inst persons or property to cow or coerce a political science, the civilian population, or whatever segment thereof, in butance of political or social objectives (U. S. Department of Justice, 1994, p. 26).Though such char makeerization is considerably clear in its meaning, often a case-by-case interpretation is necessary to ascertain where extremism endings and terrorism begins. Terrorism vs. Extremism A more telegraphic demarcation between extremism and terrorism is evident in the recognition that extremism is not unusual in any political environment, and is more often than not directed by social pressures, civil di scourse, education and the law. On the other hand, in terrorism, the violence is faraway beyond control by civil, educational or societal elements and must be tracked down, penalized and castigated by law enforcement agencies.The Dictionary of semipolitical Thought defines extremism as a vague term, that coffin nail mean a) the taking of a political idea to its limits, regardless of unfortunate repercussions, impr procedureicalities, arguments and detectings to the different and with the intention not only to confront but also to eliminate opposition b) intolerance towards completely views other than ones own and c) the adoption of means to political ends which show disregard for the life, granting immunity and serviceman rights of others (Scronton, 1982).The complexity of separating terrorism and extremism is that in various situations, internal groups which argon seemingly law-abiding at present, may be contemplating of violent actions in the future. As it is, many viole nt groups started as non-violent discussion or protest movements with in truth lofty ideals however, as time elapsed they evolved into both(prenominal)thing else. Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli Ambassador to the United acress, provides a suitable and a more fitting characterization of terrorism when he described it as the deliberate and systematic murder, maiming and menacing of the innocent to inspire fear for political ends. USA Patriot incite Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT mo stretched the definition of terrorism to include domestic in channel to worldwide terrorism. An individual is said to be involved in domestic terrorism if he/she does an act that is hazardous to human life, that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, and if the act appears to be intended to a) intimidate or coerce a civilian population b) influence the policy of a organisation by intimidation or coercion or c) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assa ssination or kidnapping.Further, the acts switch to take place chiefly at heart the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, then these acts mess already be regarded as international terrorism. Clearly, Section 802 does not create a new crime of domestic terrorism. Nonetheless, it does extend the kinds or the temper of actions that the government can examine and probe into when it is investigating terrorism.The USA Patriot Act stretched out the powers of the government when they do their investigations and few of these powers are applicable to domestic terrorism. Such definition of domestic terrorism is larger-than-life enough to cover the actions and activities of many cognise activist campaigns and organizations. Greenpeace, Operation Rescue, Vieques Island and WTO protesters and the Environmental Liberation Front have in all recently engaged in activities that could make them subject to investigations as engaging in domestic terrorism. Contemporar y Domestic TerrorismThough governments, private and public institutions have been beleaguered and weighed down by terrorism for hundreds of years in one form or other, the strategies and the application associated with it have changed and progressed as surely as the societies upon which it is imposed. Technological advances in the transportation, communication and in the area of weaponry have permitted the capacities of current domestic terrorist groups to narrow their message out and have enhanced their ability to take aggressive and sadistic action to fulfill their objectives.President Clinton launched a counter-terrorism bill to the Senate and House of Representatives in February of 1995. One exceedingly contentious proposal in the bill is the assigning of the Department of Defense a dominant role in assisting the investigation of domestic terrorism incidents in which chemical and biological agents are utilized. Currently, the military can be used in cases of terrorist activit ies where there is an alleged employment of nuclear weapons or devices and much more if such allegation has been naturalized (Hall, 1995, Sec A).Though the amplified role of the military would be limited, necessitating a further amendment to the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, civil liberties experts cautioned that it would infringe the tenets of civil supremacy over the military and would only rekindle the hostilities and anti-government sentiments of the citizen-militias and conspiracy theorists (Landay, 1995). Furthermore, several Congressmen, law-enforcement officials and some military advisers concur that such employment of the military would be an exceedingly precarious approach in combating domestic terrorism.Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a Democrat from New York, responded to questions as to whether the use of the military, in an expanded role, should be a part of the counterterrorism package, said, . . . the military defends the nation and does not involve itself in intern al affairs (Minzesheimer, 1995, Sec A). Incidents and Implications there has been an evident and persistent decline in the number of terrorist incidents in the United States during the past twenty years.To further delineate the trend of decline over time, a comparison of the average number of incidents per year during distributively of three, six-year periods would be useful. During the six year period from 1977 done 1982, there was an average of 59. 0 incidents/year from 1983 through 1988 an average of 15. 7 incidents/year were recorded this compared to an average of 5. 3 incidents/year investigated during the period from 1989 through 1994 (FBI, 1994). *** active GROUPS OPERATING WITHIN THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFIED AS TERRORISTS African National Prison Organization (ANPO).An artillery of the African Peoples Socialist Party. Animal Rights. Principally against use of animals for any purpose beyond their natural existence. fortify Resistance Group (ARG) aka Revolutionary Fightin g Group, Red Guerrilla Faction. This group has been characterized in 1988 as degenerate and aging revolutionaries. Greenpeace Principally environmental-use extremists. Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Reorganized and relocated several arms of its group in 1989. Macheteros. Puerto Rican nationalists. Ohio Seven. People for the respectable Treatment of Animals (PETA). Very public-relations oriented.Radical Feminist Organizing Committee (RFOC). Driven-out of the feminist movement in 1989, direct independently. RAMBOC (Restore a More Benevolent Order Coalition). Targets and actively pursues the US assets and people of foreign groups with terrorist links, such as the PLO, SWAPO, ANC, etc cast Thunder aka American Foundation for Accountability primary focus is to draw attention to the POW/MIA hold out from Vietnam War. Satanic Cult. Associated with attempted bombing of churches and kidnapping, and animal sacrifices, tombstone vandalism, and miscellaneous actions.Skinheads (SKA). Groups consist o f both racial and anti-racist factions. SS Action Group. Principally anti-Semitic. Apparent Motivation There are principally four classifications into which groups that are regarded as domestic terrorists can be distinguished currently existing in the United States. These groups can be generically delineated as being either prompt by ghostlike convictions, racial blemish and supremacist goals, anarchistic/anti-government/politically motivated, or in pursuit of unique special interests.These classifications have been extracted from a assembly of the categorization and delineation of extremist and terrorist groups by two respected subject-authorities, Stephen Segaller and FBIs Department of Justice. Segaller, in his phonograph record concealed Armies, classified domestic terrorism in the United States into four groups as well, but lists them as being a) Cuban infighting (political), b) backwoods terrorism (a combination of religious, racist and anarchistic), c) violent Puerto R ican independence groups (political), and d) a handful of domestic revolutionary Marxist groups (anarchistic/anti-government and racist) (Segaller, 1987, pp.221-225). Theoretically speaking, the stimulus for the creation and sustained existence of extremist and terrorist groups can unequivocally be associated in many circumstances to ethnic, cultural, religious, and racial feelings of superiority. An accurate depiction of the continuum formed by these supremacist attitudes, and how they promote further tension is succinctly articulated by Frank G.McGuire, when he said that as long as Christians feel superior to Jews (or vice-versa) and Catholics feel superior to Protestants and Ashkenazic Jews feel superior to Sephardic Jews, men feel superior to women and whites feel superior to blacks/browns/yellows/reds and so on, such phenomenon will be with us (McGuire, 1990, p. 10). These cultural, racial, gender, and a countless of other differences that are present among people in society, particularly one as diverse as the United States of America, must be acknowledged and respected, but shouldnt be seen or considered as a encumbrance to peace and harmony within society.Nor should these diversities be seen as wholly benign in their uphold on the functioning of society as a whole. Tibor Machan, a social and political commentator, showed a by the way dissertation on the myths and erroneous beliefs associated with viewing multiculturalism as simply a difference in dress, music, dance, and customs. Dr. Machan maintain that cultural differences, whether a result of race, gender, religion, or whatever, impacts both negatively and positively on other cultures within the society (Machan, 1996, pp.134-135) and further opined that attitudes of cultural-superiority and intolerance are directly related and incorporated into many of the extremist views and motivations that are plaguing America today. The period from 1982 through 1994 showed that the targets of domestic terror ism were predominately commercial establishments. The majority of incidents directed against commercial establishments were conducted by animal-rights and/or anti-miscarriage extremists, either attacking stores that sold fur, or clinics that performed miscarriages or provided abortion advice, respectively (FBI, 1994 McGuire, 1990).Religious racial Supremacy/Intolerance Religious intolerance founded upon fundamentalist standpoints has been the stimulus for acts of terrorism all throughout archives and such as involved Orthodox Jews, Moslems, Catholics, and Protestants. Perhaps, there is no issue or idea among human beings that is as provocative and as seditious as that of religious beliefs.Auspiciously, at least as far as the United States is concerned, terror affected by religious intolerance has not been as square a threat as in other parts of the world like in Africa, the core East or Bosnia. America is a unique nation in that it guarantees the freedom of religion with the s tart Amendment and the right to keep and bear arms with the Second Amendment. This means that people can believe whatever they want, and they can buy the guns to protect that belief (LeBaron, n.d). The statement was made in direct reference to Mormon fundamentalism and summarizes the truly ideology upon which this country was founded which also provides an insight into the potential dangers that exist with religious extremist groups. Recently however, there has been rhetoric and open threats of aggression from different extremist groups that describe themselves as being inspired by religion, nonetheless, have undisputedly displayed racial supremacist and hate-mongering views.The leader of the Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, advocates sundry rhetoric of black supremacist views and religious fervor. He professes to have the faith and devotion of some four million people (Fletcher, 1996). In addition, several white-supremacist clusters, including some of the many Christian militia s plinter groups, advocate exceptionally caustic and hate-filled threats as well, apparently an endless, ages-old wager of I call you a name, you call me a name. Oddly enough, two racial supremacist groups representing opposite extremes, the Nation of Islam and the Posse Comitatus, have concurred to an ultimate end-state segregation of the United States into regions of pure racial integrity. Another group operating within the United States that has historically merged a racist agenda with religious rhetoric, and was truly very sadistic in its actions and objectives, is the Ku Klux Klan.They have, however, considerably lessened in both their membership numbers and invisible power-base in recent years, and though there are still very strident individuals appearing from time to time, the danger posed by the Klan nowadays is essentially restricted to local regions, and their activities are in the form of parades and rallies. As the Klan has faded in its activities and numbers, it has bee n replaced by the tremendously vicious and fastly maturement racist movement known as the Aryan Nations, which is strongly associated with the Identity Church that proclaims Anglo-Saxons as Gods chosen people.The fundamentalist Mormons are another religiously-motivated cluster within the United States that are catching the attention and concern of law enforcement and other government officials. This group has been at odds, to a certain degree, with the government since its creation in the early 1800s. Many of these fundamentalist Mormons are well-armed conspiracy-minded survivalists, who have retreated to the mountains of central Utah to await Armageddon, which they believe will occur on April 6, 2000.Believing in their gifts of prophecy and revelation, and fired-up by heavenly visions and doctrines of blood atonement and oaths of vengeance, they have isolated themselves awaiting the end of the world and fearing that the government is about to take away their freedoms (LeBaron, n. d. ). A specifically insightful yet fickle issue to a huge section of the American people, despite individual beliefs, is the classification of particular abortion clinic-related hostility as domestic terrorism.The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act of 1994 in concurrence with the Attorney world-wide Guidelines (AGG) on General Crimes, Racketeering Enterprise and Domestic Security/Terrorism Investigations, instigated and directed the creation of the Department of Justice Task Force on Violence Against Abortion Providers to look into conspiratorial acts of violence against abortion clinics and personnel as domestic terrorism (FBI, 1994).Although personal opinions on the ethical aspects associated with abortion, whether for or against, are not wholly confined to religious beliefs, the most articulate, open and visible anti-abortion advocates are directly allied with religious organizations. As it is, abortion rights and issues persist to be one of the most contentious and conflict-ridden questions among Americans and motivate exceedingly loving and rousing rhetoric and reactions from people from both sides of the matter.In the period between 1982 and the end of 1984, there were a total of 220 separate acts of violence, including 89 cases of bombing, arson and other serious incidents, conducted against clinics where abortions were performed or abortion-advice offered (Segaller, 1987, pp. 222-223).Ethnically and racially stimulated bias, extreme loathing and carnage are as much a part of human explanation as any other characteristics of mankind, and have at least to some extent have a bearing on the cultural and social identities of essentially all civilizations to date. From the subjugation of Hebrews by ancient Egyptians, to current current situation in the Balkans, racial and ethnic differences have triggered incalculable suffering and death.The history of racial and ethnic turmoil in the United States is no different, and is seemingly exper iencing an increase in such action recently. Racially-motivated extremist and terrorist groups in the United States, especially those of today, seem to employ religious rationalizations and teachings for their sadistic tendencies and aggressive actions, and all indications point to the fact that such trend will continue at an accelerating rate into the foreseeable future.anarchistic/Anti-government /Political Terrorist clusters of today that are actually anarchist, anti-government or political in their motivations are mostly associated with the growing self-determination, radical citizen-militia movements, or have been around a relatively long time, such as the Puerto Rican freedom fighters. The former has drawn considerable attention, and extracted wary concern from law-enforcement and civil-rights groups due to the bombing in Oklahoma City, and their rapid and continuing growth in numbers and visibility.A few of the more extreme citizen-militia groups, often motivated by New Worl d Order conspiracy theorists and anger over a belief that government has become too large and repressive in everyday life, are openly soliciting and calling for the land of the United States government. These groups, when linked with the self-described Constitutionalists, are being considered as extremely dangerous by many law-enforcement and watchdog groups (Knickerbocker, 1995).The Puerto Rican terrorist groups have been almost exclusively limited in their actions to operating within Puerto Rico against local and national targets of opportunity. Unique Special Interests Within this designation of domestic terrorist groups are those of relatively recent creation, or at least they have relatively recently gained high public visibility through their actions.Groups such as the extremist animal-rights groups, environmental extremist groups and homosexual-rights groups, including People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), Earth Night Action Group, and Act Up, respectively, h ave emerged within the past two decades and have actively used violence, destruction and intimidation to gain recognition, and to further their respective political agendas. References *** McGuire, Frank. 1990. Security intelligence sourcebook Whos Who in terrorism. Silver Spring, MD. Interests, Ltd. U. S. Department of Justice. 1994. Terrorism in the United States, 1994.Washington, DC. National Security Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Terrorist Research and Analytical Center Scronton, R. 1982. Dictionary of Political Thought. New York Hill and Wang Hall, M. 1995. Clintons Military Police Plan Under Fire. USA Today, 11 May Sec. 5A. Landay, J. S. 1995. anneal Terrorism. The Christian Science Monitor, 8 May Sec. US. Minzesheimer, B. 1995. Terrorism Bill Warning Go Slow. USA Today, 1 May Sec. 5A. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1994. Terrorism in the United States 1982 1992 Terrorism in the United States 1994.Segaller, S. 1987. Invisible armies, terrorism into the 19 90s. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Machan, T. 1996. Fallacies of Uncritical Multiculturalism. The Freeman, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 134-135. LeBaron, G. Jr. Mormon Fundamentalism and Violence A diachronic Analysis available at http//www. tcd. net/garn/ polygamy. html. Fletcher, M. A. 1996. Farrakhan Vows to Take Libyas Aid. Washington Post, 26 February, Sec. A1. Knickerbocker, B. 1995. US Militias The Dark cheek of Frontier Independence. The Christian Science Monitor, 24 April, Sec. NATIONAL.

Beryls Chocolate Essay Example for Free

Beryls coffee berry Essayumber is a key ingredient in many foods such as milk shakes, candy bars, cookies and cereals. Chocolate is a processed delicacy made from the beans of the cocoa channelise. The cocoa manoeuver, native to the tropical Amazonian forests, is an evergreen tree of the cola family. Chocolate is a mixture of roasted cocoa, cocoa butter, and very fine sugar. Unsweetened or called bitter burnt umber is available in squ atomic number 18s and is the natural rich hot burnt umber ground from the cocoa beans. It has a full-bodied flavor and is ideal for baking and cooking. Sweetened chocolate and chocolate with various other ingredients are also increasingly available.As we know, the type of chocolate refers to three types which is milk chocolate, plain chocolate and purity chocolate. History Of Chocolate The Timeline cc0 BC, Amazon Cocoa, from which chocolate was created, was said to have originated in the Amazon at least(prenominal) 4,000 years ago. Sixth C entury AD Chocolate, derived from the seed of the cocoa tree, was used by the Maya Culture. Maya called the cocoa tree cacahuaquchtl tree, and the word chocolate came from the Maya word xocoatl which means bitter water. 1200, Aztec Culture The Aztecs attributed the creation of the cocoa lay down to their god.In both the Mayan and Aztec cultures cocoa was the basis for a thick, cold, unsweetened drink called xocoatl believed to be a wellness elixir. Since sugar was unknown to the Aztecs, different spices were used to add flavor, all the same hot chili peppers and corn repast were used Aztecs believed that wisdom and power came from eating the fruit of the cocoa tree, and it had nourishing, fortifying, and point aphrodisiac qualities. The Aztec emperor, Montezuma drank thick chocolate dyed red. The drink was so prestigious that it was served in golden goblets that were thrown away after totally one use.1502, Columbus landed in Nicaragua On his fourth voyage to America, Columbus l anded in what is now called Nicaragua. He was the world-class European to discover cocoa beans being used as currency, and to imprint a drink, as in the Aztec culture. 1513, A striver was bought for Beans Hernando de Oviedo y Valdez reported that he bought a slave for 100 cocoa beans. It was at this time, the name of the drink changed to chocolatl from the Mayan word xocoatl and the Aztec word for water, or warm liquid. 1519, Hernando Cortez began a Plantation Hernando Cortez conquered disassemble of Mexico had a vision of converting the beans to golden doubloons.While he was fascinated with Aztecs bitter, spicy deglutition he didnt like the cocoa drink, he was much intrigued by the beans value as currency. Later, Cortez open up a cocoa plantation in the name of Spain. 1528, Chocolate Arrived in Spain Cortes presented the Spanish King, Charles V with cocoa beans from the clean World and the necessary tools for its preparation. And no doubt Cortes taught him how to make Chocola te. 1544, Dominican Friars Got into the Swing Dominican friars brought a perpetration of Mayans to meet Philip. Spanish monks, who had been consigned to process the cocoa beans, finally let the secret out.It did not take want before chocolate was acclaimed throughout Europe as a delicious, health-giving food. The beans were still used as currency. 200 beans bought a turkey cock. 100 beans was the daily wage of porter, and would buy a hen turkey or a rabbit. 3 beans could be traded for a turkey egg, a new avocado, or a search wrapped in maize husks. 1 bean bought a ripe avocado or tomato. 1657, even London succumbs Londons firstly chocolate shop was opened by a Frenchman. London Chocolate Houses became the trendy meeting places where the elite London society savored their new luxury.The first chocolate house opened in London advertising this excellent West India drink. 1674, Eating solid Chocolate was introduced in the form of chocolate rolls and cakes, served in chocolate empo riums. 1704, The Germans imposed a Tax on Chocolate Chocolate made its fashion in Germany, and Frederick I of Prussia reacted by imposing a tax. Anyone wishing to pay homage to its pleasures had to pay 2 thalers for a permit. 1765, First Chocolate factory in the USA The production of chocolate proceeded at a faster pace than anywhere else in the world.It was in pre-revolutionary New England. 1800, Chocolate was an Industry Antoine Brutus Menier built the first industrial manufacturing facility for chocolate. 1819, the pioneer of Swiss chocolate-making, Francois Louis Callier, opened the first Swiss chocolate factory. 1828, The Cocoa public press was invented by Conrad Van Houten The Press helped to improve the quality of the beverage by squeezing out part of the cocoa butter. suping chocolate had a smooth consistency and a more pleasing taste. 1830, The Drink Became a Confection Solid eating chocolate was developed by J.S. Fry and Sons, a British chocolate maker. 1849, Cadbury B rothers Exhibited Chocolate The exhibition was at Bingley Hall at Birmingham, England. 1851, Marked a First for Americans fay Victorias husband, Prince Albert orchestrated The Exposition in London. It was the first time citizens of the United States were introduced to bonbons, chocolate creams, toilsome candies (called boiled sweets), and caramels. 1875, Milk Chocolate Came of Age After eight years of experimentation, Daniel Peter from Switzerland put the first milk chocolate on the market.1879, Chocolate Literally Melts in Your Mouth Rodolphe Lindt of Berne, Switzerland, invented conching, a means of warming and rolling chocolate to refine it. After chocolate has been conched for 72 hours and more cocoa butter added to it, chocolate became fondant and melted in mouth 1913, A new Star is Born Jules Sechaud of Montreux of Switzerland introduced the process for filling chocolates. 1923, The CMA was established The Chocolate Manufacturers Association of the United States of America (CMA) was organized.1925, Cocoa is Big Business The New York Cocoa Exchange, locate at the World Trade Center, was begun so that buyers and sellers could get together for transactions. 1938, World War II The U. S. giving medication recognized chocolates role in the Allied Armed Forces. It allocated valuable shipping space for the importation of cocoa beans which would give many weary soldiers the strength to carry. Today, the U. S. Army D-rations include three 4-ounce chocolate bars. Chocolate has even been taken into space as part of the diet of U. S. astronauts.

Rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

rank of reception EssayThe two equations can then sit unitedly to give an over all(prenominal) enjoin equation RNa2S2O3xHClY Experimentally I pull up stakes be changing the soaking ups of each(prenominal)(prenominal) the reactants independently and then calculating the esteem for each concentration. From these sum ups I result be fitted to overhaul a log graphical record of count against concentrations and from my calculation I can realise the identifys for each of the reactants. Variables The independent variable in the experiment is the initial concentrations of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric dosage. I pass on be changing this variable and visual perception how it affect the metre taken for the reaction to take place and therefrom how the concentration affects the rate of the reaction. However as only one variable can be changed I will keep one reactant constant whilst changing the other to get a fair set of results. This will show me the affect of each reactant on the rate independently. The dependent variable is the one that will be monitored in the reaction. The dependent variable is the time taken for the reaction to take place which can be utilize to calculate the rate of the reaction.The method I will be utilise is by seeing how farseeing it takes for a black drag underneath the conelike flaskful to disappear which will be the point in all the reactions where the concentration of the sulphur precipitate is equal and so will the rate can be fairly calculated. To reduce errors I will need to use my preliminary results to find a volume that will give a long enough time to banner accurately, precisely non too long to affect the rate which is calculated by dividing initial concentration by time.These graphs show how if the time taken for the reaction to reach a specific concentration is too long it will not be a true reflection on the actual initial rate of the reaction. The beginning variable that must be controlle d is the temperature of the reactions. This is because temperature will affect the rate of the reaction as a higher temperature will cause an increase in the rate. If the temperature varies between reactions it will have an affect on the results. To try and insure the same temperature is used I will have all reactants at fashion temperature and carry out all the reactions in one lesson. some other control is the the volume of reactants used and the enlightenment of the solution. If this is changed the amount of precipitate that will need to be observed through will change and thus the concentration at which the hatch disappears will be different. To control this the same volumes will be used and the same conical flask will be used and therefore the depth will be the same. Similarly the cross used will need to be the same as a thicker cross would mean it will disappear at a different concentration of sulphur and the results will not be fair.Finally I will not shake or move the co nical flask once the reactants have been put together as this again might affect the rate of the reaction. Equipment 1. 200cm3 of Na2S2O3 1. 200cm3 of HCl 2. 10 x 50cm3 beakers 3. 2 x Graduated Pipettes 4. Conical Flask 5. Stopwatch Method 1. Start by making the concentrations, using a graduated pipette measure out the turn down volumes of Sodium Thiosulphate and put into 5 small 50cm3 beakers. Then cater the corresponding amounts of distilled water and label with the correct concentration. 2.Secondly cook a black cross onto a piece of paper which is no bigger than the base of the conical flask, place the conical flask on top of the flask. 3. Using another graduated pipette, place 25cm3 of 2M hydrochloric sharp into the bottom of the conical flask. 4. Whilst standing above the conical flask, looking directly down, simultaneously pour the first concentration of Na2S2O3 into the conical flash and start the preventativewatch. 5. Keep observing and when the yellow precipitate cause s the cross to wholly disappear stop the stopwatch. 6.Record the time taken, wash out the conical flask thoroughly and buy up from step 3 but using the next dilution until all the concentrations have been reacted and recorded. 7. Repeat all results and honest times. 8. Secondly replace the Sodium Thiosulphate with the HCl and copy above steps by measuring out correct concentrations and place into 5 more 50cm3 beakers. 9. This time add 25cm3 of Na2S2O3 into the bottom of the conical flask before arranging the time taken for the cross to disappear again, for all the concentrations. 10. Repeat all results again for HCl concentrations. Initial Rates can then be calculated.Dilution Tables Na2S2O3 Concentration / moldm-3 Na2S2O3 (1M) / cm3 Distilled Water / cm3 1 HCl Concentration / moldm-3 HCl (2M) / cm3 Distilled Water / cm3 Safety Points As concentrated Hydrochloric acid will be used make sure eye and hand surety is worn. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and with eye contact get medical attention immediately. Sulphur is also present so make sure the room is well ventilated to allow fumes to escape.Take cargon with trash wear, such as pipettes as they are fragile and may break easily. If broken clear up all glass immediately. Time Taken for Cross to Disappear / s Concentration of Na2S2O3 / moldm-3 1 2 Average Rate / moldm -3 s -1 logRate / log moldm -3 s -1 logconc. / log moldm-Time Taken for Cross to Disappear / s Concentration of HCl / moldm-3 1 2.Average Rate / moldm Analysis After drawing a graph of logRate against logConcentration and using the calculations in my plan, the gradient of the line gave me a tax of 0. 957 which taking into account experimental error shows the order of the reaction of Sodium Thiosulphate is 1. Also when carrying out the investigation for how the rate changes with the concentration of HCl there is no pronounced change in rate when the concentration varies.Therefore I d idnt draw a graph, as the hold over shows HCl concentration doesnt affect the rate of the reaction and must be zero order. I can therefore deduce that the rate equation for this reaction is Rate ? Na2S2O31 and Rate ? HCL0 Rate = C x Na2S2O3 where C is a constant which is proportional to the rate constant. The reason why the actual rate constant, k, can be calculated is because in the experiments the change in concentration cannot be calculated. However this always the same value as it is the concentration at which the cross disappeared and therefore the rate was proportional to 1/time.The intercept of the graph is equal to logC, -1. 02, therefore C = 10-1. 02 = 0. 095s -1. To conclude the results show that the rate of the reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid is directly proportional to the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate. This gives evidence to the mechanics of the reaction. In a most reactions the mechanism is not made up of one step but a series of inte rmediate stages where molecules skeletal system and break down. Each of these steps will have a rate which is due to how many molecules are colliding. For example if 2 molecules must collide to for one product the reaction will be second order.However the overall order for the reaction cannot be calculated using the stoichiometry in the overall equation. This is because the rate is determined by the rate of the slowest step of the mechanism, known as the rate determining step. In this reaction although 2HCl molecules are needed for the reaction to take place however from the kinetics that I found HCl has no effect on the rate and is zero order. Therefore the slowest step in this reaction is the breakdown of 1 Sodium Thiosulphate molecules as the reaction is 1st order. Evaluation.I feel the results I obtained allowed me to draw a graph and come to valid conclusions and be confident about calculating the order and rate equation for this reaction. I didnt have any obvious anomalies f rom my graph however there are most variations that meant I couldnt calculate a rate of exactly 1. Also from my table of results for changing the concentration of HCl, where all the rates must be the same for difference concentrations, there is a anomaly with the 2. 0moldm-3 concentration. A limit point of my procedure was the way in which the rate was calculated using the disappearing cross method.This involves human thinker rather than a qualitative value that can be used to calculated the rate. There will also be an accuracy issue as there is a reaction time in realising the cross has disappeared and stopping the stopwatch. Another limitation of the procedure at the start of the timing and I had to add the chemicals together and start the stopwatch. This again causes an error in the actual time period taken for the cross to disappear. Another error is in the variation of temperature. As well as environmental variations in temperature the reaction was exothermic and heat is pro duced.When the temperature increases the k constant will increase, this is because the molecules have more kinetic energy and there is a higher probability that they will collide and react. This means its is hard to control this factor which is impact the rate of the reaction. There are also many accuracy errors caused by percentage error in measuring. There is a time error in the time taken when the cross disappears and the delay in stopping the time. When using the graduated there was an error of 0. 05/20 = 0. 25% error, human reaction time is about 0. 2/9. 34 = 2. 1%. To reduce this error I would choose another method of measuring the rate.Instead of using the cross method I would use a light posture machine that could measure the change in colour over a period of time and stop and start timing when it had reach a certain value. This quantitative method of measuring should make the results more accurate. To control the temperature I could use a large water bath which could cont rol the temperature throughout the reaction. Another method that could be used is to measure the products formed. The easiest would be using a gas syringe to measure the amount of SO2 formed. This again would give a more quantitative results and increase the accuracy and reliability.

Uranium Mining in New Mexico Essay Example for Free

uracil Mining in New Mexico Essayatomic number 92 mine and milling has potential economic benefits in creating jobs in the alliance, and sustaining the high demands of atomic number 92 all over the world. But economic factors should not be considered alone. As many good deal died and suffered from illnesses and diseases of uranium archeological site and radiation exposure, the proposal to build a new excavation party is a great issue and head ache for all community leaders and members to consider and debated upon.During the retiring(a) years, nuclear power has started a debate regarding its potential benefits in the economy and as an alternative extension of energy. Pro-nuclear arguments maintain that nuclear energy has less carbon intensity compared to fossil fuels which is detrimental to the environment. However, as enlarge of true carbon analysis of nuclear energy remains unclear, the fundamental critical aspect of apply nuclear energy remains to be a debate. This paper presents an analysis on uranium mining and milling in Crownpoint, New Mexico.In the vast Navajo Reservation, towards Crownpoint, approximately 3,000 people lives along the Continental mystify 100 miles northwest of Albuquerque. in the high desert of northwestern New Mexico, many Navajo communities live in isolated and scattered places. The area is surrounded by the color yellow dust of what characterized Crownpoint as a community. Uranium oxide which is highly used as a nuclear energy has been regarded as Crownpoints approximately abundant resource (Begay, 2008). Through the late 1940s through the mid 1980s, uranium is gathered from the place. some(prenominal) mining companies already blasted and hau take truck loads of uranium in the place, and dried the mineral in piles in different areas across the Ameri stooge West. The Navajo tribe occupies areas over western New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. The message of the uranium mining is located in those areas and hundreds to tho usands of Navajos has worked for the mines (KRQUE password Channel 13, 2008). Today, many abandoned mine places remain. The ball-shaped production of uranium followed after several years of supplying nuclear weapon programs. Uranium is sensed as a finite resource.During the past years, the availability of uranium is limited, but when further exploration led to further discovery of resources, miners took the advantage of gathering the finite resources (KRQUE News Channel 13, 2008). However, the Crownpoint, New Mexico community has seen the consequences of uranium mining especially to the health problem emerging today. The degraded land is a result of mines death in the area, however, as efforts to rehabilitate the area entails uranium gathering again, people are concerned for their safety device (Shebala, 2008).Exposure to radiation brought by uranium mining and milling is compensated by the government. Uranium miners originally the mining areas were closed are in their 70s and 80s, and are continuously pursuit help from local community health officers to get diagnosed and treated for radiation exposure. During the 1950 to 1990, 500 uranium workers give up died from lung cancer (Shebala, 2008). The persisting health problems brought by radiation exposure to uranium have affected the community until today. When the people inhales uranium dust and particles, the mineral stays in their lungs and release high doses of radiation.Uranium whitethorn be potential economically- right resources which result help many people have jobs, and helps economy and different sectors in the society (Begay, 2008). However, with the increased and continuous negative effects of uranium mining proves harmful to the people living(a) in the community, people remains to be against uranium mining. Attempts to renew the mining area Currently, there is a new effort to revive the uranium mining areas. The federation Hydro Resources Incorporated, a sub go with of the Uranium Resou rces Incorporated of Dallas, be afters to use the mining area with a new body (KRQUE News Channel 13, 2008).The people remain to be divided on the issue of building a new mining company in the area. The new mining company allow for take over Crownpoint and nearby Church Rock. The company promised a new method to take care of the persistent ground pee problems in the community. The company promises the communities better and safer governing body by adopting a mining system called situ leach mining. The process involves mixing water, dissolved oxygen and sodium bicarbonate which will be then included in the underground uranium beds.The proposed new system will dissolve in the process and it can then be removed, dried and processed (KRQUE News Channel 13, 2008). However, issues and concern were raised in this proposal. The water in the new system will be from the Westwater Canyon Aquifer of Crownpoint, the main source of drinking water for the people in Crownpoint and other surrou nding areas. The company planning to work in the site promises a uranium nuclear power exertion which will create more job opportunities for the people and maintain safe drinking water.The communities expressed their great concern if the company will start another mining industry. For one, they were concern if the process of underground mining will affect the quality of their drinking water supply. If the process will pollute the drinking water system, they can be infected with serious diseases and health hazards. The Navajo people will become more vulnerable to kidney and other related disease due to poor water quality if the process will be adopted. Crownpoint has already complained about the contamination of uranium in their water supply.Navajo president Mr. Mitchell Capitan in the Crownpoint chapter potently protests about this plan in the area. He argues that about 15,000 people from surrounding communities travel to their place to gather drinking water because their own wate r supply is poor. If the only quality water supply is contaminated, this will pose a serious series of problems (KRQUE News Channel 13, 2008). The uranium nuclear energy problem The uranium industry in Crownpoint has long been debated as an issue which relates to degradation of the environment and health problems.Uranium mining has material economic resources, seen by companies as an opportunity to sustain global needs of the mineral. The uranium companies are strongly advocating that uranium mining will increase economic benefits and create jobs for the community. They also insist that uranium mining is not harming the environment. However, limited data and research does not guarantee this. Companies also failed in addressing key issues in the health of the community, making the community more concerned of their safety.Uranium mining may be beneficial to some extent in the economics of the community, but the issue is not dependent on the bills and profit alone. Long-term problems must be addressed, including environmental costs in the energy and water purpose of the people. Crucial environmental aspects in uranium mining must be considered to understand the cycle of the options for the community. Activities in uranium mining and milling must be able to attend to the health care needs, concerns and issues to value the welfare of the Crownpoint community.ReferencesKRQUE News 13 (2008). Uranium poised for N. M comeback. KRQUE. Retrieved on April 20, 2008, from http//www. krqe. com/Global/SearchResults. asp? marketer=wssqu=uranium. Begay, Christine (2008). New Mexico is to Uranium as Saudi Arabia is to Oil. Viacom International Inc. Retrieved on April 20, 2008, from http//think. mtv. com/044FDFFFF0098990200170098D7E0/. Shebala, Marley (2008). MTV looks at opposing views of uranium. Navajo Times. Retrieved on April 20,2008,from http//www. navajotimes. com/ frolic/031308uranium. php.

Poverty in the World Essay Example for Free

Poverty in the World EssayMany third man countries argon faced by the challenges of exiguity and unproductivity of land. The survival of the people who live in such nations depends in the main on maintenance from developed countries. There is a point abtaboo the developed countries that needs to be addressed before the fear is delivered to the poverty stricken nations. The developed countries have gained that title due to the fact that they be way too ahead in terms of technology and industrialization. The returns they get from both house servant and exotic trade are redirected on further investment. Incase other nations faced by catastrophes these returns are used to cover those in need of tending. The intervention by these developed nations is a form of flying measures to calming situations down.Back at home, it is funny how the citizens from such nations struggle to make ends meet. Once foreign inspection and repair is delivered to the nations that are faced by natu ral, human, or climatic catastrophes the people living in those countries assume that the aid comes from very rich countries. The truth of the matter of foreign aid is that once help is delivered from a certain(a) country be it in form of money or viands there are strings attached. If one country demands for help from another, there are possibilities that the national debt of that nation grows. On the other hand, if the help is in form of a donation through the international organizations it is likely that the help addressed the effect at hand and not the future. Going back to the ply of foreign aid and reduction of poverty two crucial elements come to play. These include the issue creation addressed and the type of aid being delivered. Foreign aid is mostly volunteered to suffering nations by developed nations.In other times, organizations and NGOs take tariff to raise money that can be used to provide for the suffering lot. By assessing the nature of the issue that is being addressed, it can be told whether the form of aid aids in reducing poverty. Looking at the situation at the horn of Africa, the type of help that is being delivered to the starving communities in that region is food and medical supplies. Looking closely at the matter and others similar to that, it will be found out that foreign aid is not a form of borrowed capital but rather a outlast option. Foreign Aid cannot reduce poverty due to five reasons associated with the problems and the nature of help.First, foreign aid is delivered to save and not to prevent second, it is given when the situation is almost escalating out of proportion third, nations or parties that require foreign aid are marginalized and the living conditions dont allow for any form of secondary put on from the aid fourth, starvation and disease outbreaks are mostly the problems requiring foreign aid to address the issue readily and finally, the nature of aid cannot be invested neither can it be used while other r esources are redirected to other activities. The above reasons make foreign aid seem like some form of nutritionary therapy whose importance is lengthening the period of survival as one witnesses the problems. The US and other nations have been donating residue food and vaccination to African nations and some Asian nations as well for a long time. However, it the aid is form of funds the situation changes from aid to assistance that requires repaying as times advances. Foreign aid does not come to the poor in form of basic needs but rather basic rescue. It would be otherwise if foreign aid was in form of compulsory jobs for the poor or mandatory shade education.

Plato’s Theory of Knowledge, A Guide to Reaching Higher Grounds Essay Example for Free

Platos Theory of Knowledge, A Guide to Reaching Higher yard EssayThe human chouseledge may be regarded as having a two parts genius that he guarantees hears and touches, on the other he organizes mind s on what he learns through and through the senses. Philosophers comport given considerable attentions to questions ab unwrap the resources of association. Some philosophers think that that the particular thing seen, heard and touches ar more than important. They believe that general ideas atomic number 18 formed from the examination of the particular facts. A philosopher who feels that the cognition is acquired in this centering is c all in alled empiricist. The view of the fellowship endure be attained only through the sense of experience.According to them the certain knowledge is based on what our sight, hearing smell and other senses tell us it is really out in that respect and not what people makes up in their heads. Other philosopher thinks it is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judge. This method advocates rationalist. A newer school pragmatism, believe that the value in use is the real test of the equity and import and truth of an idea are tested by the practical consequences. These are some of the groups that search about the root of the guess of knowledge.When a person wants to be savant you must know what the light inwardly us is. This light will guide us in every step of our lives. It is a process on what is greater than life, what is greater in the physical things that we see. It is the moment when we begin to know something that is greater than, which is also within ourselves. According to the Augustinian Theory of knowledge, there are two objectives to be considered. One is to show how knowledge of all kinds is achieved and how therefore true pragmatism maybe discovered. The second is to provide the groundwork for the reform of the cultural breeding to ensure the proper development of the people through teaching knowledge.Inner awakening is that you follow your ego, tho after you realize and enlightened, we follow gods will. We as a person must know and search ways to be enlightened. Enlightenment is the aim of any person. But after you get this enlightened dont fear that you will loose everything. You must enjoy things more passionate still you know when and how and do not abuse your indicant of enjoyment like you did before enlighten.The theory of knowledge gives us a guide on how human reach the higher direct of enlightenment. It gives us the matchless by atomic number 53 step and expound on how knowledge is acquire. Plato a great philosopher considers some of the details about what is the nature of knowledge and the way it was obtained. In the traditional analysis of knowledge Platos theory of knowledge divides into three approaches (1) the allegory of the cave (2) the metaphor of the divide line (3) and the doctrines the forms.T he cave tells us that intimately of the people who are living in the cave, in the dark has converted to salvation because of the knowledge that they acquire. The shared line visualizes the levels of knowledge in a more systematic way. Plato states that there are four stages of the knowledge development. (1) Imagining, which tells us that the looks or appearance seen as true reality. For mannequin an art, which tells us that what we have seen is not of necessity what, you get. (2) Belief, Plato gives us the idea of seeing the reality does not always believe. We have the strong conviction of what we see but not with absolute certainty.(3) Thinking, it is believe the visible world and move into intelligible world which it stands for the power of mind. Plato wants to see all things as they really are so we can see that all things are interconnected. (4) The development stage of the knowledge due to thinking. The third Approach is the Forms are the highest levels of reality. The form s are called ideas. These are commutative existing entities whose existence and nature are graspable only by the mind, even though they are not depend on being so grasped in order to existA person is in then stage of immatureness, when theory of knowledge takes place he will undergo much(prenominal) different stages like at first he will see what is the source and problem of its immaturity understanding what is immaturity will mean a process that under go such enlightenment. subsequently understanding and knowing the problem he will go to the next stage which is by visualizing the level of knowledge of being immature.He can have a research or he can conduct a qouestion and answer so that he can get some opinion so that it can help a lot in defining the problem of being immature. For instance, what distinguishes real knowledge from mere opinion? The real knowledge is based on the logic, the laws and the methods of reason that we use to understand the humanity (Velasquez, 1999)By getting such knowledge and analyzing of what category or level he can work a new outcome in order of getting out of being immature.Thingking of the possible solution and ideas is the last satge of getting out of being immature.This process or step of solving ones problem is an example of theory of knowledge which can be apply to enlightenment.In any of the different stages they are interconnected to one another so that it can create a good solution which enlightens on a person. there is a given spay of such enlightenment. For Parmenides, Change is the confusion of the appearance (motion) with reality (permanence) and therefore the compound is simply an illusion. Reality is the basis of truth (knowledge) where as changes produces only opinion (lack of knowledge). Although the senses tells us that the things appear to change and therefore things do change, our reason can distinguish the truth from that which appear to be true. When reasons say reality must be single permanent sub stances, then there can be no change. (Hankinson, 1998)Platos theory of knowledge leads us down many roads, but we see the same theme through out the light to dark ignorant to educate reality to really real.The theory of knowledge imparts us that in every circumstances in life there is a solution. In every side that we have there is an appropriate answer. Having a knowledge or education gives us the true meaning of reality and real.That is when enlightenment takes place. When we have already the knowledge and reasons we know now how to handle and solve on any bureau that we have.Enlightenment is one of important part in our life to have a sense of direction. If we can apply the the different stages of theory of knowledge and integrate it to its process of enlightenment there is a good way that humanities can have the truth , the reality, and the essence of having a knowledge.Believing to the knowledge that we have and through by the grace we can struggle and survive in any situati on that we have.Velasquez, Manuel Philosophy A text with readings.New York Wadsworth publishing company, 1999.Hankinson, RJ. Cause and Explanation in Ancient Hellenic Thought.Oxford Clarendon Press, 1998.Human Knowledge and Human Nature A new introduction to an Ancient fence Oxford University Press, 1992 ISBN 0-19-875101-X ISBN 0-19-875102-8 (pbk.)http//www.philosophy.umd.edu/Faculty/pcarruthers/HKHN-Conclusion.htmAugustinian Knowledge Of theory http//www.users.bigpond.com/seckington/Augustinian%20Knowledge.htmWhat is Enlightenment ? (Quest-ce que les Lumires ?), in Rabinow (P.), d., The Foucault Reader, New York, Pantheon Books, 1984, pp. 32-50. http//foucault.info/documents/whatIsEnlightenment/foucault.whatIsEnlightenment.en.html